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天谷 政樹
High Temperature Corrosion of Materials, 15 Pages, 2024/00
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.04(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)Zirconium (Zr)-based alloys are widely used as fuel cladding material for light water reactors. Under a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) condition, the oxidation of fuel cladding by high-temperature steam induces the degradation of mechanical properties of the cladding and would affect the integrity of fuel rods and/or assemblies, etc., during LOCA. In this study, the distribution of the elements (zirconium, oxygen, tin, iron and chromium) in Zircaloy-4 cladding specimens oxidized in the temperature range of 
1350- 1700 K in steam was analyzed along the radial direction of the specimens by using SEM/EPMA, and the cause of element distribution in the specimens was discussed in consideration of the morphology of precipitates in the specimens and hypothesized phase diagrams related to the elements contained in the specimens. The form of the particles precipitated and the comparison between SEM/EPMA results and hypothesized phase diagrams of Zr-Sn-O system suggested that the liquefaction of tin-rich material and/or Zr-(Fe,Cr) compounds occurred during the oxidation test. The results obtained indicate that Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes would start melting at the melting point of tin-oxide and the eutectic point of Zr-(Fe,Cr)compounds, which is much lower than the melting point of Zr, 
-Zr(O), or zirconium oxide (ZrO
).
17 type PWR fuel cladding tube under LOCA-simulated burst conditions古本 健一郎; 宇田川 豊
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(5), p.500 - 511, 2023/05
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)In order to contribute to better modeling and evaluation of fuel fragmentation, relocation, and dispersal expected under loss of coolant accident (LOCA) conditions, LOCA-simulated cladding burst experiments were performed on as-received nonirradiated 17 17 type Zircaloy-4 cladding specimens that were internally pressurized. The experiments were designed to terminate at burst occurrence to focus on ballooning and rupture opening formation and to investigate the effects of various factors. The postburst cladding hoop strain decreased with the increase in azimuthal temperature distribution (ATD) of the cladding, as found previously. The rupture opening size increased with the increase in ATD and the increase in energy of the pressurized gas stored inside the pressure boundary of the test sample system. Comparison with the existing database, which included tests on irradiated rods containing fuel pellets, suggested that formation of the rupture opening was influenced by the characteristic behavior of high burnup fuels, such as limited gas migration in the cladding tube due to fuel-cladding bonding and interaction of the ejected fuel fragments with the cladding tube.
Li, F.; 成川 隆文; 宇田川 豊
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 12 Pages, 2023/00
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)The seismic resistance of fuel cladding during the long-term core cooling after loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) was investigated by performing cyclic four-point bending tests (4PBTs) of up to 1000 cycles with fresh fuel cladding samples that experienced integral thermal shock test, simulating LOCA conditions, including ballooning, rupture, oxidation, and quench. 4PBTs were performed on the samples that survived the quenching process. The results showed that up to 1000 cycles and 5.8 Nm of cyclic loading moment, there was no apparent effect on the bending fracture limit of the fuel cladding under the 4PBT. The scatter of the bending fracture limit for a given equivalent cladding reacted (ECR) evaluated by the Baker-Just oxidation rate equation (BJ-ECR) is attributed to two primary factors: first, the difference between the prescribed and the actual oxidation behavior, confirmed by comparing the BJ-ECR and the ECR evaluated based on metallographic observation (M-ECR), and second, the variated shape of the rupture-opening area after the integral thermal shock test. The strength of the alpha phase-dominant zone near the rupture opening seems to contribute to the bending fracture limit.
垣内 一雄; 山内 紹裕*; 天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊; 北野 剛司*
Proceedings of TopFuel 2022 (Internet), p.409 - 418, 2022/10
In order to examine the influence of cladding microstructural changes upon the mechanical property of the fuel cladding under LOCA conditions in a more direct and quantitative manner, the nanoindentation method has been applied to Zircaloy-4 cladding specimens after LOCA simulated tests (about 1473 K, ECR 20%, quench at 973 K after slow cooling); results for two specimens taken from the rupture opening part and secondary hydriding part were compared. In addition to hardness and Young's modulus, the plastic work fraction that corresponds to the relative ductility was evaluated from the load-displacement curve. The plastic work fraction at the secondary hydriding part was found to be obviously lower than that at the rupture opening part and closer to that in -Zr(O) layers beneath the outer surface. This result from the nanoindentation method agrees with the conventional knowledge about low ductility at the secondary hydriding part.
大西 貴士; 前田 宏治; 勝山 幸三
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 58(4), p.383 - 398, 2021/04
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：75.92(Nuclear Science & Technology)To investigate the leaching behavior of radioactive nuclides in leaching samples comparable to core debris (partially molten ZrO/UO between fuel rods) in 1F NPS, the concentration of radionuclides in the leaching solution was measured. Leaching behaviors of actinides (U, Pu, Np) and Cs from the samples were similar to those from spent fuel. Leaching of U and Pu depends on pH in the cooling water of the core debris as predicted from the present thermodynamic database. While, if Mo and Tc are surrounded by zircaloy in the core debris, their leaching amount may become higher by one order of magnitude than those from spent fuel.
Li, F.; 三原 武; 宇田川 豊; 天谷 政樹
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 57(6), p.633 - 645, 2020/06
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：24.28(Nuclear Science & Technology)To better understand the failure limit of fuel cladding during the pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) phase of a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA), pre-cracked and hydrided cladding samples with base metal final heat-treatment status of cold worked (CW) and recrystallized (RX) were tested under biaxial stress conditions (axial to hoop strain ratios of 0 and 0.5). Displacement-controlled biaxial-expansion-due-to-compression (biaxial-EDC) tests were performed to obtain the hoop strain at failure (failure strain) of the samples. The conversion of the failure strains to J-integral at failure by finite-element analysis involving data of stress-relieved (SR) cladding specimens from our previous study revealed that the failure limit in the dimension of J-integral at failure unifies the effects of pre-crack depth. About 30 to 50 percent reduction in the J-integral at failure was observed as the strain ratio increased from 0 to 0.5 irrespective of the annealing type, pre-crack depth, and hydrogen content. the rate of fractional decreases of J-integral at failure with increase of hydrogen content are in the order of CW
SRRX, which are essentially independent of strain ratio for the CW and SR samples. The results were incorporated into the failure prediction model of the JAEA's fuel performance code in the form of a correction factor that considers the biaxial loading effect.
湯村 尚典; 天谷 政樹
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 120, p.798 - 804, 2018/10
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：52.79(Nuclear Science & Technology)To investigate the relationship between the fracture resistance of a cladding tube and the amount of deformation of the cladding tube due to ballooning and rupture during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), four-point-bending tests were performed using non-irradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes which experienced a LOCA-simulated sequence (ballooning, rupture, high temperature oxidation and quench). According to the obtained results, it was found that the maximum bending stress of the cladding tube after the LOCA-simulated sequence, which was defined as the fracture resistance, correlated to the average thickness of prior-
layer in the cladding tube. Based on the average thickness of prior- layer, the fracture resistance of the cladding tube with ballooning and rupture was expressed as functions of isothermal oxidation time and temperature and the maximum circumferential strain on the cladding tube.
成川 隆文; 山口 彰*; Jang, S.*; 天谷 政樹
Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management (PSAM-14) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2018/09
The reduction of epistemic uncertainty for safety-related events that rarely occur or require high experimental costs is a key concern for researchers worldwide. In this study, we develop a new framework to effectively reduce parameter uncertainty, which is one of the epistemic uncertainties, by using the Bayesian optimal experimental design. In the experimental design, we used a decision theory that minimizes the Bayes generalization loss. For this purpose, we used the functional variance, which is a component of widely applicable information criterion, as a decision criterion for selecting informative data points. Then, we conducted a case study to apply the proposed framework to reduce the parameter uncertainty in the fracture boundary of a non-irradiated, pre-hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding tube specimen under loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions. The results of our case study proved that the proposed framework greatly reduced the Bayes generalization loss with minimal sample size compared with the case in which experimental data were randomly obtained. Thus, the proposed framework is useful for effectively reducing the parameter uncertainty of safety-related events that rarely occur or require high experimental costs.
成川 隆文; 山口 彰*; Jang, S.*; 天谷 政樹
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 331, p.147 - 152, 2018/05
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：30.05(Nuclear Science & Technology)To quantify the fracture boundary uncertainty for non-irradiated, pre-hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding tube specimens under loss-of-coolant accident conditions at a light-water reactor, data from integral thermal shock tests obtained by an earlier study are analyzed statistically and the fracture boundary is estimated in terms of probability, as follows. First, a method is proposed to obtain the specimens' fracture probability curve as a function of equivalent cladding reacted (ECR) and initial hydrogen concentration using Bayesian inference with a generalized linear model. A log-probit model is used, modified to reflect the effect of the initial hydrogen concentration on the fracture boundary and the ECR evaluation uncertainty, and scaled to improve convergence. Second, using the modified log-probit model, it is shown that the boundary representing a 5% fracture probability with 95% confidence for the pre-hydrided cladding tube sample is higher than 15% ECR, for initial hydrogen concentrations of up to 800 wppm.
成川 隆文; 天谷 政樹
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 53(11), p.1758 - 1765, 2016/11
被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：68.36(Nuclear Science & Technology)In order to investigate the effect of azimuthal temperature distribution on the ballooning and rupture behavior of Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) cladding tube, laboratory-scale experiments on non-irradiated Zry-4 cladding tube specimens were performed under transient-heating conditions which simulate loss-of-coolant-accident (LOCA) conditions by using an external heating method, and the data obtained were compared to those from a previous study where an internal heating method was used. The maximum circumferential strains (
s) of the cladding tube specimens were firstly divided by the engineering hoop stress (
). The divided maximum circumferential strains, 
s, of the previous study, which used the internal heating method, were then corrected based on the azimuthal temperature difference (ATD) in the cladding tube specimen. The s for the external heating method which was used in this study agreed fairly well with the corrected s obtained in the previous study which employed the internal heating method in the burst temperature range below 1200 K. Also, the area of rupture opening tended to increase with increasing of the value which is defined as multiplied by . From the results obtained in this study, it was suggested that and the size of rupture opening of a cladding tube under LOCA-simulated conditions can be estimated mainly by using , and ATD in the cladding tube specimen, irrespective of heating methods.
小宮山 大輔; 天谷 政樹
JAEA-Research 2016-013, 20 Pages, 2016/08
JAEA-Research-2016-013.pdf:6.05MB
PWRの冷却材喪失事故(LOCA)において、流路の閉塞等により燃料棒の冷却が十分に行われない場合、燃料被覆管表面に冷却材中のホウ酸が析出する可能性が考えられる。通常運転温度域では、実機での実績からホウ酸水はZircaloy-4の酸化挙動に影響を及ぼさないと考えられるが、LOCAを想定した高温域におけるホウ酸とZircaloy-4との反応に係る知見は十分に得られていない。本研究では、固体ホウ酸を載せたZircaloy-4の板材を900
Cまでの温度及び複数の雰囲気で酸化させることにより、固体ホウ酸の高温時挙動、ホウ酸とZircaloy-4との反応の有無、及びホウ酸がZircaloy-4の酸化挙動に及ぼす影響を調べた。実験結果から、高温酸化雰囲気においてZircaloy-4表面に固体ホウ酸の脱水により生成する無水ホウ酸が存在すると、この無水ホウ酸がZircaloy-4と雰囲気との接触を断つことでZircaloy-4の酸化を抑制することが示唆された。また、酸化膜付きZircaloy-4の表面に固体ホウ酸が付着し高温まで加熱された場合は、形成している酸化膜の空隙に無水ホウ酸が浸透することでその後の酸化を抑制することがうかがえた。
成川 隆文; 天谷 政樹
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 53(1), p.112 - 122, 2016/01
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：55.03(Nuclear Science & Technology)In order to investigate the effect of oxidation and crystal phase condition on the ballooning and rupture behaviors of cladding tube under simulated loss-of-coolant-accident (LOCA) conditions, laboratory-scale experiments were performed in which internally pressurized non-irradiated Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) cladding specimens were heated to burst in steam and argon gas conditions. Values of the maximum circumferential strain were normalized by dividing them by engineering hoop stress at the time of rupture. The dependence of the normalized value on burst temperature and the relationship between the normalized value and the length, width and area of rupture opening were evaluated. The correlation between the normalized value and the burst temperature suggested that the fraction of the phase in Zry-4 cladding specimens affected the strain in the specimens and the oxidation of specimens suppressed the amount of ballooning of the specimens. The relationship between the normalized value and the length, width and area of rupture opening indicated that the length, width and area of rupture opening depended on the crystal phase condition in Zry-4 cladding specimens irrespective of atmosphere in the case of the heating rate of 3 K/s.
-ray irradiation on pitting corrosion of fuel cladding in water containing sea salt本岡 隆文; 塚田 隆
Proceedings of 2014 Nuclear Plant Chemistry Conference (NPC 2014) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2014/10
福島第一原子力発電所(1F)では、2011年3月に海水が使用済燃料プールに注入された。ジルカロイ-2は1Fで燃料被覆管材として採用されているが、ジルカロイ-2を含むジルコニウム合金は、酸化性の塩化物水溶液で孔食の影響を受けやすい。本研究では、海水成分を含む水の放射線分解生成物が、ジルカロイ-2の孔食生起に及ぼす影響を調査した。線照射の前後に、海水成分を含有する水の組成変化を分析した。また、ジルカロイ-2の孔食電位測定を実施した。さらに、ジルカロイ-2表面に形成された酸化膜の特性をX線光電子分光法により評価した。海水成分を含む水の溶液分析では、線照射での過酸化水素の発生が示された。線照射下で皮膜形成したジルカロイ-2の孔食電位は非照射下のそれより高かった。ジルカロイ-2の酸化皮膜は酸化ジルコニウムであり、これは線照射中に厚くなることがわかった。線照射下で生成した皮膜を有するジルカロイ-2の孔食電位が高くなった原因は線照射下で酸化皮膜形成が進行することで説明された。
永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
NUREG/CP-0192, p.197 - 230, 2005/10
LOCAに関する日本の安全基準は、事故条件を模擬した試験により決められた急冷時燃料棒破断限界に基づいている。このため、原研はLOCA条件を模擬した総合的な急冷実験を行い、高燃焼度燃料の破断限界を評価している。水素を添加した未照射被覆管やPWRにおいて39あるいは44GWd/tまで照射した高燃焼度燃料被覆管を用いた試験をこれまでに行った。破断限界は基本的に酸化量に依存し、初期水素濃度と急冷時の軸方向拘束力に伴い低下することが明らかになった。また、試験対象とした高燃焼度燃料被覆管の破断限界は、同等の水素濃度を有する未照射被覆管の破断限界とほぼ同等であることも明らかになった。
永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
Proceedings of 2005 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting (CD-ROM), p.668 - 677, 2005/10
原研では高燃焼度燃料のLOCA時挙動を調べる体系的な研究計画を進めている。同計画の一環として再冠水時に燃料棒が急冷される際の破断限界を明らかにするため、燃焼度3944GWd/tの照射済PWR燃料から採取したジルカロイ-4被覆管を対象に急冷時耐破断特性試験を実施した。破断限界は被覆管が吸収している初期水素量の増加によって低下するものの、照射済燃料被覆管と水素を吸収させた未照射被覆管との間で明らかな違いは見られなかった。また、あらかじめ酸化・水素吸収させ、急冷を経た被覆管に対するリング引張及び圧縮試験を通じて急冷による延性の低下について調べ、欧米で規制に用いられている延性ゼロ基準は、急冷時破断特性試験に比べてより保守的な結果を与えることなどを示した。
宇田川 豊; 永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
JAERI-Research 2005-020, 40 Pages, 2005/09
JAERI-Research-2005-020.pdf:4.63MB
急冷開始温度及び急冷前の冷却速度がLOCA時の被覆管延性低下に及ぼす影響を調べることを目的とし、未照射PWR用1717型ジルカロイ-4被覆管から切り出した試料を水蒸気中、1373及び1473Kで酸化し、ゆっくりと冷却(徐冷)してから急冷した。試験条件のうち、徐冷の速度を27K/s、急冷開始温度を10731373Kの範囲で変化させて複数の試験を行い、冷却条件の異なる試料を得た。酸化,急冷した試料に対しリング圧縮試験,ミクロ組織観察,ビッカース硬さ試験を実施した。急冷開始温度低下に伴い、金属層中に析出する相の面積割合が大幅に増加し、被覆管の延性が明確に低下した。徐冷速度の減少に伴い、析出した相の単位大きさ及び硬さの増大が生じたが、面積割合及び被覆管の延性はほとんど変化しなかった。析出相は周りの金属層より硬く、また酸素濃度が高いことから、その延性は非常に低いと考えられる。したがって、析出相の面積割合増大が、急冷開始温度低下に伴う延性低下促進の近因である。
安田 良; 松林 政仁; 仲田 祐仁; 松江 秀明; 中西 友子
第5回放射線による非破壊評価シンポジウム講演論文集, p.31 - 34, 2005/02
中性子ラジオグラフィは、照射済燃料・材料の健全性評価を行うための照射後試験の有効な非破壊試験ツールである。特に、中性子CT法,イメージングプレート法は、3次元情報の取得,組成の定量評価等を可能にし、より高次な情報を抽出することができると考えられる。本稿では、中性子CT法及びイメージングプレート法の照射後試験への有効性を検討するために行った未照射の燃料・材料を用いて試験の結果について報告する。
永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 42(2), p.209 - 218, 2005/02
被引用回数：47 パーセンタイル：93.6(Nuclear Science & Technology)冷却材喪失事故(LOCA)時の高燃焼度燃料棒挙動に関し、未照射ジルカロイ-4被覆管を用い、LOCA模擬試験を行った。水素濃度約1001400ppmを有する被覆管を、水蒸気中にて12201500Kの温度範囲で等温酸化した後、冠水により急冷した。急冷時に生じる燃料棒の収縮を拘束したが、生じる荷重の最大値を4段階に調節した。主として肉厚に占める酸化割合に依存して、被覆管は急冷時に周方向亀裂を伴って破断した。酸化割合に関する破断/非破断のしきい値は、初期水素濃度と拘束荷重の増大とともに低下した。結局、拘束荷重が535N以下であれば、水素濃度にかかわらず、破断しきい値は酸化割合20%を超え、日本におけるECCS性能評価指針の基準値を上回ることが明らかになった。
永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 42(1), p.58 - 65, 2005/01
被引用回数：47 パーセンタイル：92.75(Nuclear Science & Technology)水素添加ジルカロイ-4被覆管に対し室温及び620Kにおいてバースト試験を行った。NSRRでのパルス照射時に高燃焼度燃料で起こる急激なPCMIを模擬し、加圧速度は最高3.4MPa/msまで高めた。被覆管中の水素濃度範囲は1501050ppmであり、高燃焼度PWR燃料被覆管と同様に被覆管外周部に水素化物を集積させ、「水素化物リム」を形成させた。室温試験で、水素吸収被覆管は軸方向に長い亀裂を呈して破損した。水素化物リムでは、脆性的な破壊が見られ、破損形態はNSRR実験で観察されたものと同じであった。また、水素化物リムにより、破裂圧力や周方向残留ひずみは明確に低下した。水素化物リムの厚さが被覆管肉厚の18%を超える場合、620Kにおいても周方向ひずみは非常に小さかった。本研究の結果は、RIA条件下における高燃焼度燃料棒の破損において水素化物集積層が重要な役割を果たすことを示している。
永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 41(12), p.1211 - 1217, 2004/12
被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：75.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)高燃焼度BWR燃料被覆管では、半径及び軸方向に平行な面に沿った水素化物の析出が増加する。半径方向水素化物はRIA時の燃料挙動に重要な役割を果たし、PCMI条件下では、被覆管の延性を低下させる可能性がある。PCMI条件下における高燃焼度燃料被覆管の破損挙動に及ぼす径方向水素化物の影響を調べるために、約200600ppmの水素を添加した未照射BWR被覆管のバースト試験を行った。約2030%の水素化物を半径方向と軸方向に平行な面に沿って再配向させた。室温及び373Kにおいて、軸方向の割れを伴う大きな破損開口が生じた。しかし、破裂圧力と残留周方向歪み量に対する径方向水素化物の影響は非常に小さかった。したがって、調べた水素濃度と径方向水素化物割合の範囲において、径方向水素化物のみによって、高燃焼度BWR燃料被覆管の延性が著しく低下することはないと考えられる。
